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Forts (First World War)
Print
Fort of Belvedere
Built
between
1908
and
1912,
Fort
Belvedere
–
Gschwent
is
one
of
the
largest
Austro-Hungarian
mountain
fortresses
ever
built.
In
the
construction
of
the
fortress,
the
designer
Rudolf
Schneider
adopted
new
and
experimental
solutions.
It
is
immediately
noticeable
that
the
fort
is
no
longer
conceived
as a
construction
in
which
everything
is
collected
in
a
single
architectural
complex,
but
as
an
articulated
work
that
consists
of
several
forts
for
close
combat;
all
connected
by
corridors
and
rock
tunnels.
The
steep
rock
cliffs
on
three
sides
gave
Forte
Belvedere
a
natural
security
against
enemy
infantry
assaults;
moreover,
a
deep
ditch
had been
dug
along
the
front
line
and
a
double
band
of
reticulates
had
been
planted.
Forte
Belvedere
could
,
therefore,
be
said
to
be
practically
impregnable
in
the
full
sense
of
the
term.
Completed
on
May
18
,
1912,
Forte
Belvedere
was
built
and
tested
to
withstand
even
the
heaviest
bombings
and
represents
a
modern
and
rational
work
where
concrete
and
iron
have
been
expertly
amalgamated
with
the
rock.
At the end of the conflict, Forte Belvedere, like the other forts in this area , became the property of the Italian state. In the twenties, a line of seven fortresses in a state of partial efficiency was there, among the pastures and woods of these mountains, in memory of a war still too close to be forgotten.
About a decade later, however, the serious crisis in the steel industry, leads to think of the demolition of the armored works of the
First World War.
In the mid-thirties many of the forts were mined to recover the iron contained in them, thus being reduced to piles of rubble. Forte Belvedere, unlike the others, was saved from demolition by the intervention
of King Vittorio Emanuele III
who wanted at least one fort to remain a perennial
testimony of the Great War for future generations.
With great foresight, in the sixties the Osele family bought the fort to exploit its tourist value, equipping it with a lighting system and indicative tables of the various rooms and making it visitable as a museum of itself. In 1997 the fort, one of the largest and best preserved, was purchased by the municipality of Lavarone which, with the collaboration of the Province, carried out a series of restoration and enhancement of the site.
The complex, which also serves as a war museum, has been enriched since 2008 with multimedia installations that offer visitors the everyday life inside the fortress. The rooms on the ground floor are dedicated to the history of the fortified system, while on the first floor the military operations in this stretch of front are narrated and materials relating to the "White War" are exhibited.
On the second floor are placed objects and documents that testify to the
conditions of daily life of soldiers
in the trenches (weapons, uniforms, medical materials), propaganda
materials and testimonies in the memory of the war.
Additional information:
www.fortebelvedere.org
Opening hours:
March
: open every Saturday and Sunday from 10.00 to 17.00
April
: Monday closed (open only on 2 and 30), Tuesday to Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00
May and June
: Monday closed, Tuesday to Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00
July and August
: open every day from 10.00 to 18.00 September: Monday closed (except 3), Tuesday to Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00 October: open every Saturday and Sunday from 10.00 to 18.00
November:
open from 1 to 4 from 10.00 to 17.00
December:
open from 8 to 9 and from 26 to 30 from 10.00 to 16.30
The
guided tour
service remains active on any day by
reservation
(minimum 20 people) by contacting the number (0039) 0464 780005 or by sending an email to the following address:
info@fortebelvedere.org
Prices:
- full price 7 €
- reduced 5 €
- family entrance 16 €
How to get there:
From the SS 47 della Valsugana reach Calceranica and then follow the signs for Vigolo Vattaro, from here continue towards the Altopiano di Lavarone; To reach the fort there are also indicative tables and special parking lots where you can leave your car. From here about 15 minutes on foot and you reach the fortress.
To learn more:
Forte Belvedere: catalogo del museo - Werk Gschwent: Katalog des Museums, a cura di Lucio Fabi, Comune di Lavarone, Cremona, Persico edizioni, 2002.
Forte Belvedere Gschwent: guida all'architettura, alla tecnica e alla storia della fortezza austro-ungarica di Lavarone, Mario Puecher; a cura di Giuseppe Leonardi e Christian Prezzi, Trento: Curcu & Genovese, 2006
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